Rochester carb numbers consist of a carburetor number and sometimes an assembly line code and a build date code.
For example, 17056211 2615 ADF is a carb number (7029202) followed by a date code (2615) and a line code (ADF). The last digit of the date code is the last digit of the year the carburetor was built. The first three digits are the Julian date - the day number in that year: January 1 is day 001; Dec 31 is either day 365 or day 366 (in leap years).
The last 3 digits of the carburetor number tell about the engine type, whether the transmission is automatic or standard, and more.
For example, 7041200 L0 FA is a carb number (7041200) followed by a date code (L0) and a line code (FA). In this case, this is a Carter-built Quadrajet and a Carter style date code is used. Later Carter-built QJets use Rochester type date codes (as in the example at the top of this page).
There are some exceptions, especially with Buicks and Oldsmobiles (see below). 1980s Chrysler carbs were in the 4XX series.
There are exceptions, especially with trucks where this rule is mostly ignored. For example, 17058213 is 1978 Chevy 350 truck with either manual or automatic transmission. 17058212 is Chevy 454 truck with either manual or automatic.
There are some exceptions, especially with early models which were occasionally in the corresponding 100 series, such as Oldsmobile, eg. 7027156 (1967 Olds) and Buick, eg 7027146 (1967 Buick). There are other exceptions, but the engine manufacturer rules for the second-to-last digit usually apply.